| infinitive | simple past | past participle |
|---|---|---|
| be | was/were | been |
| bear | bore | borne/born  |
| beat | beat | beaten |
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| bend | bent | bent |
| bet* | bet | bet |
| bid | bid, bade | bid, bidden |
| bind | bound | bound |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| bleed | bled | bled |
| blow | blew | blown |
| break | broke | broken |
| breed | bred | bred |
| bring | brought | brought |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast |
| build | built | built |
| burn*** | burnt | burnt |
| burst | burst | burst |
| bust* | bust | bust |
| buy | bought | bought |
| cast | cast | cast |
| catch | caught | caught |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| cling | clung | clung |
| come | came | come |
| cost | cost | cost |
| creep | crept | crept |
| cut | cut | cut |
| deal | dealt | dealt |
| dig | dug | dug |
| dive | dived/dove | dived |
| do | did | done |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| dream*** | dreamt | dreamt |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feed | fed | fed |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| find | found | found |
| flee | fled | fled |
| fling | flung | flung |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forbid | forbade, forbad | forbidden |
| forecast* | forecast | forecast |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| get | got | got, gotten |
| give | gave | given |
| grind | ground | ground |
| go | went | gone |
| grow | grew | grown |
| hang | hung | hung |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| keep | kept | kept |
| know | knew | known |
| lay | laid | laid |
| lead | led | led |
| learn*** | learnt | learnt |
| leave | left | left |
| lend | lent | lent |
| let | let | let |
| lie** | lay | lain |
| light* | lit | lit |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| pay | paid | paid |
| prove* | proved | proven |
| put | put | put |
| quit* | quit | quit |
| read | read | read |
| rid | rid | rid |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| run | ran | run |
| saw*** | sawed | sawed/sawn |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| seek | sought | sought |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| set | set | set |
| sew* | sewed | sewn |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| shear* | sheared | shorn |
| shed | shed | shed |
| shine | shone | shone |
| shoot | shot | shot |
| show* | showed | shown |
| shut | shut | shut |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sink | sank | sunk |
| sit | sat | sat |
| slay | slew | slain |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| slide | slid | slid |
| sling | slung | slung |
| slink | slunk | slunk |
| slit | slit | slit |
| sneak**** | snuck | snuck |
| sow | sowed | sown |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| speed* | sped | sped |
| spend | spent | spent |
| spin | spun | spun |
| spit | spat, spit | spat, spit |
| split | split | split |
| spread | spread | spread |
| spring | sprang | sprung |
| stand | stood | stood |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| stick | stuck | stuck |
| sting | stung | stung |
| stink | stank, stunk | stunk |
| stride | strode | stridden |
| strike | struck | struck |
| string | strung | strung |
| strive | strove | striven |
| swear | swore | sworn |
| sweep | swept | swept |
| swell* | swelled | swollen |
| swim | swam | swum |
| swing | swung | swung |
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| thrive* | throve | thrived |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| thrust | thrust | thrust |
| tread | trod | trodden, trod |
| understand | understood | understood |
| wake* | woke | woken |
| wear | wore | worn |
| weave | wove | woven |
| weep | wept | wept |
| wet* | wet | wet |
| win | won | won |
| wind | wound | wound |
| wring | wrung | wrung |
| write | wrote | written |
* regular form (+ -ed) also possible
The trend, in English, and especially in American English, is to standardize the irregular verbs. We do not foresee all the irregular verbs ever being standardized, but some of the more minor variations in less commonly used words will probably disappear in the next genration or two.
The following English irregular verbs are often used in the standard past and participle forms (-ed).
- dwell
- lean
- smell
- spell
- spill
- spoil
Note: The words can, may and must are Modals.
** The verb lie in the meaning of not to tell the truth is a regular verb.
*** The following verbs use the standard past and participle forms (-ed) in American English.
- burn
- dream
- learn
- saw
**** The verb sneak was used in its regular form for a long time. However the irregular form snuck has become quite common, especially in American English.
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